開啟國際關懷-謝大隊長由台灣的人口政策談移民、移工和新住民

開啟國際關懷-謝大隊長由台灣的人口政策談移民、移工和新住民 (撰文/謝宇情)

日前(2021/03/31星期三 )USR老師們邀請到內政部移民署的謝文忠講師於文藻Q001教室向57位同學們講解關於移民方面的知識與法律。前陣子由於疫情加劇的緣故，人口移動的比率比以往減少許多，而近日疫情逐漸趨緩，相對地，人口移動比率漸漸攀升，回到以往的比率。

首先，講師說明了移民署的服務事項，像是提供民眾辦理移民(永久居留、居留、停留)相關證明和本國籍身分證、處理移民相關事務(跨國婚姻、就業)以及關懷新住民和移工等等，這些看似顯而易懂的規定，人人都應仔細地了解。依移民法中的「居留」來說，必須與伴侶先結婚登記、面談通過、團聚，依親居留四年，之後長期居留兩年，且每年要居留183天，才可取得本國籍身分證，獲得定居的資格；關於「停留」，長期探親最長不能超過六個月，短期探親為三個月，健檢和美容觀光則是必須在15日以內完成行程。然而，美、中對於移民通常都是走低調化，而非台面化。

此外，講師提及了相關政策，包括人才政策、人口政策、移民政策，而其中的移民政策包括難民、國境安全管理、入出國管理、非法移民執法以及移民輔導。以難民來說，在現代的社會中，「難民」是個備受關注的議題。歐洲每年都死了很多難民，他們大多是因為國家與國家之間的動盪與衝突才脫逃出來的，那台灣有難民嗎？當然有。「政治難民」可以說是台灣最敏感的地帶，他們大多來自於對岸的新疆、香港，像是近期的新疆棉花事件和反送中等等，由於國家政府的欺壓與操弄，使得難民移入台灣，而這部分也都是移民署正在努力協助的方向。

另外，USR主持人廖俊芳老師也回應：前幾年與志工們前往柬埔寨服務孩童過海關時，若是掏出10元美金(270元台幣)，就可以快速通關；若是不掏出錢，只能在機場苦等3-5小時，加上飛行與當地乘車的時間將近要一天的時間，該怎麼辦？難道只有成全官員疑似賄賂這條路嗎？講師對此問題做回應，他提到：過海關除了簽證之外，移民官也很重要，同時也牽涉到多種層面。

近年來，移民與移工的數量逐漸增多，更與人們的生活息息相關，台灣政府與人民應多多關懷他們，不但能增加互信，也能建立良好的關係，同時，應更重視以及保障他們的權益。最重要的是，應多多欣賞不同的文化差異，且尊重它們，這才是最美好的關係。

USR Lecture: Aspects of Immigration with Wen Zhong Hsieh (Written by Winnie Hsieh, edited by Peter Chou)

On Wednesday March 31, 2021, USR teachers invited lecturer Wen Zhong Hsieh from the Immigration Department of the Ministry of the Interior to explain the knowledge and laws of immigration to the students in Wenzao in Q001. Due to the recent intensification of the epidemic, the rate of population movement has been much lower than in the past. However, the epidemic has recently slowed down and the rate of population movement has gradually increased and returned to the previous rate.

First, the lecturer explained the services of the Immigration Department, such as providing people with immigration (permanent residence, residence, stay) related certificates and national identity cards, handling immigration-related matters (transnational marriage, employment), and caring for new residents and migrant workers. Everyone should carefully understand these obvious and easy-to-understand regulations. According to the “residence” in the Immigration Law, you must complete the following before you can obtain your nationality ID: First get married with your partner and register for marriage, pass interviews, stay with relatives for four years, and then stay in Taiwan for at least 183 days per year for two years. Regarding the policy to “stay elsewhere temporarily”, long-term family visits cannot exceed six months, short-term family visits are three months, and health checkups and beauty tours must be completed within 15 days. However, the U.S. and China are generally low-key, rather than measurable, towards immigration.

In addition, the lecturer mentioned relevant policies, including talent policy, population policy, and immigration policy. The immigration policies include refugees, border security management, entry and exit management, illegal immigration law enforcement, and immigration counseling. In the case of refugees, in modern society, “refugees” are a subject of much concern. Many refugees die in Europe every year. Most of them escaped because of the turbulence and conflicts between countries. Are there any refugees in Taiwan? Of course there is. “Political refugees” can be said to be the most sensitive area in Taiwan. Most of them come from Xinjiang and Hong Kong on the other side. For example, due to the recent cotton incident in Xinjiang and the anti-delivery process, the oppression and manipulation of the national government, refugees moved to Taiwan. And this part is also the direction that the Immigration Department is working hard to assist.

Finally, USR Principal investigator prof. Melody Liao mentioned that when she and other volunteers went to Cambodia to serve children through customs in the past few years, if they paid 10 US dollars (270 Taiwan dollars), they could quickly go through the customs . What should they do if they have to wait three hours at the airport before taking off, and the time between the flight and the local bus is almost a day? Is it the only way to fulfill the suspected bribery of officials? The lecturer responded to this question by saying that in addition to the visa, the immigration officer is also very important when passing the customs.

In recent years, the number of immigrants and migrant workers has gradually increased, and they are more closely related to people’s lives. The Taiwanese government and people should care more about them. Not only can they increase mutual trust, they can also establish good relationships. At the same time, they should pay more attention to and protect their rights. The most important thing is to appreciate different cultural differences and respect them. This is the most beautiful relationship.